Có bạn chưa biết, trong phần IELTS Writing task 2, Argumentative Essay được xem là dạng bài phổ biến nhất, khi nó chiếm đến gần 80% các đề thi chính thức. Vậy làm thế nào để nhận biết và hoàn thành thật tốt dạng bài này? Bài viết hôm nay của ALT IELTS Gia Sư sẽ giúp bạn.
Argumentative Essay là gì?
Là một dạng essay mà qua đó các bạn sẽ đưa ra quan điểm, lập trường, lí lẽ để bảo vệ của mình trước một vấn đề được đưa ra. Có thể là đồng ý, không đồng ý, nửa đồng ý và vì sao?
Cách nhận biết đề bài Argumentative Essay.
Some people think the main purpose of schools is to turn children into good citizens and workers, rather than to benefit them as individuals. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Các bạn nên nhớ đề bài IELTS Writing luôn có 2 phần:
- Phần 1: Giống nhau ở hầu hết các dạng essay, là phần tiền đề đưa ra nội dung chính mà chúng ta sẽ phải viết.
- Phần 2: Khác nhau tùy theo dạng essay, là phần yêu cầu đề bài, được in đậm và nghiêng.
Theo đó nếu yêu cầu đề bài là các dạng câu hỏi sau:
- To what extent do you agree or disagree?
- Do you agree or disagree?
- What are your opinions?
Là dạng bài Argumentative Essay.
Lưu ý: Với dạng câu hỏi What are your opinions? Hãy cẩn thận vì nó sẽ có phần hơi giống với dạng Discussion Essay: Discuss both sides and give your opinion.
Cấu trúc đề bài Argumentative Essay.
Một bài IELTS Writing Argumentative Essay gồm 3 phần:
A/Phần mở bài - Introduction: 2 – 3 câu
- Paraphrase lại đề bài:1 – 2 câu.
- Giới thiệu nội dung chính của toàn bài (Thesis statement) bằng việc trả lời trực tiếp câu hỏi của đề bài, hoàn toàn đồng ý, không đồng ý hoặc một phần đồng ý với ý kiến được đưa ra: 1 câu.
- Có 3 cách giải quyết, tuy nhiên cần lưu ý rằngdù chọn cách nào, thì câu chủ đề chính của đều phải rõ ràng, không được mập mờ.
Ví dụ: Some people think the main purpose of schools is to turn children into good citizens and workers, rather than to benefit them as individuals. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
- Agree:
People have different views about what the main purpose of schools should be. Personally, I agree that a school’s role is to prepare children to be productive members of society.
- Disagree:
Many people argue that the main role of schools is to prepare children for their future jobs. However, I believe that the purpose of education should be to help children to grow as individuals.
- Balanced view or neutral:
To a certain extent I agree that the role of schools is to prepare children to be productive members of society. However, I also believe that the education process has a positive impact on us as individuals.
B/Phần thân bài - Body: 2 đoạn văn, mỗi đoạn từ 4 đến 7 câu
- Nếu làm theo hướng mở bài 1 và 2 là completely agree hoặc completely disagree thì các đoạn trong thân bài phải thống nhất ý tưởng với nhau, cùng support cho một ý chính đã nêu ở mở bài. (Bài mẫu 1)
- Nếu chỉ đồng ý một phần với nhân định thì các đoạn trong thân bài phải bàn về các mặt khác nhau của vấn đề. Ví dụ, thân bài 1 để support ý không đồng thuận và thân bài 2 để support ý mà các đồng thuận chẳng hạn. (Bài mẫu 2)
Lưu ý: Nên dùng các linking words phù hợp để nối các đoạn với nhau như: Moreover, secondly,… hoặc nevertheless, however, on the other hand,…
C/ Kết bài - Conclusion: (1 – 2 câu)
Tóm gọn và lặp lại ý kiến của bạn đã nêu ra ở mở bài.
Bài Argumentative Essay mẫu
Bài mẫu 1: Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
In my opinion, men and women should have the same educational opportunities. However, I do not agree with the idea of accepting equal proportions of each gender in every university subject.
Having the same number of men and women on all degree courses is simply unrealistic. Student numbers on any course depend on the applications that the institution receives. If a university decided to fill courses with equal numbers of males and females, it would need enough applicants of each gender. In reality, many courses are more popular with one gender than the other, and it would not be practical to aim for equal proportions. For example, nursing courses tend to attract more female applicants, and it would be difficult to fill these courses if fifty per cent of the places needed to go to males.
Apart from the practical concerns expressed above, I also believe that it would be unfair to base admission to university courses on gender. Universities should continue to select the best candidates for each course according to their qualifications. In this way, both men and women have the same opportunities, and applicants know that they will be successful if they work hard to achieve good grades at school. If a female student is the best candidate for a place on a course, it is surely wrong to reject her in favor of a male student with lower grades or fewer qualifications.
In conclusion, the selection of university students should be based on merit, and it would be both impractical and unfair to change to a selection procedure based on gender.
Bài mẫu 2: Some people believe that hobbies need to be difficult to be enjoyable. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Some hobbies are relatively easy, while others present more of a challenge. Personally, I believe that both types of hobby can be fun, and I therefore disagree with the statement that hobbies need to be difficult in order to be enjoyable.
On the one hand, many people enjoy easy hobbies. One example of an activity that is easy for most people is swimming. This hobby requires very little equipment, it is simple to learn, and it is inexpensive. I remember learning to swim at my local swimming pool when I was a child, and it never felt like a demanding or challenging experience. Another hobby that I find easy and fun is photography. In my opinion, anyone can take interesting pictures without knowing too much about the technicalities of operating a camera. Despite being straightforward, taking photos is a satisfying activity.
On the other hand, difficult hobbies can sometimes be more exciting. If an activity is more challenging, we might feel a greater sense of satisfaction when we manage to do it successfully. For example, film editing is a hobby that requires a high level of knowledge and expertise. In my case, it took me around two years before I became competent at this activity, but now I enjoy it much more than I did when I started. I believe that many hobbies give us more pleasure when we reach a higher level of performance because the results are better and the feeling of achievement is greater.
In conclusion, simple hobbies can be fun and relaxing, but difficult hobbies can be equally pleasurable for different reasons.
Bài mẫu 3: Some people think that all teenagers should be required to do unpaid work in their free time to help the local community. They believe this would benefit both the individual teenager and society as a whole. Do you agree or disagree?
Many young people work on a volunteer basis, and this can only be beneficial for both the individual and society as a whole. However, I do not agree that we should therefore force all teenagers to do unpaid work.
Most young people are already under enough pressure with their studies, without being given the added responsibility of working in their spare time. School is just as demanding as a full-time job, and teachers expect their students to do homework and exam revision on top of attending lessons every day. When young people do have some free time, we should encourage them to enjoy it with their friends or to spend it doing sports and other leisure activities. They have many years of work ahead of them when they finish their studies.
At the same time, I do not believe that society has anything to gain from obliging young people to do unpaid work. In fact, I would argue that it goes against the values of a free and fair society to force a group of people to do something against their will. Doing this can only lead to resentment amongst young people, who would feel that they were being used, and parents, who would not want to be told how to raise their children. Currently, nobody is forced to volunteer, and this is surely the best system.
In conclusion, teenagers may choose to work for free and help others, but in my opinion we should not make this compulsory.
Với bài viết này, trung tâm luyện thi IELTS ALT IELTS GIA SƯ hi vọng rằng các bạn sẽ có thể nắm rõ về Argumentative Essay cũng như sẽ có một kế hoạch ôn luyện hợp cho kì thi IELTS sắp tới.
Và đừng quên khám phá những bài viết mới nhất của ALT tại đây nhé.
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